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Sans titre

1.The Norman Conquest : King Edward The Confessors 1042-1066

The conquest was prepared by Edward The Confessor who became king of England. His mother was the daughter of a former Duke of Normandy, Edward had spent his boyhood and middle age among Norman monks. At heart, he was a Frenchman. When he died, having no children, he left a disputed succession. Half a dozen earldoms (= manoirs) were each presided by a feudal baron when Harald was chosen as King of England by the Witan.

William of Normandy challenged him & crossed the Channel. William the Conqueror defeated Harold at the battle of Hastings 1066


2.Norman institution established King William I: 1066-1087

The confiscation of Saxon's estates for the benefit of the foreign conquests began directly after the battle. The Normans imposed their system. Each individual baron held lands in many parts of the country which had the effect of strengthening royal, power. The sheriff acted as the King's officer in the shire. William broke up the great earldoms. He divided them into shires to govern them more easily.

William also implemented reforms in ecclesiastical matter. He separated the spiritual from the secular courts.

The Normans also brought to England the French language. Their social & political dominance imposed their language of the conquered English. Old French became the norm of educated and aristocratic communication.

Latin remained the language of learning, of the clergy & Old English continued to be spoken & written but the machinery of government & law functioned in French. Throughout the Middles Ages, French tastes in literature end the arts prevailed

The Organizing power of the William the Conqueror is best found in the Domesday survey of 1086.This survey produced the Domesday Book. It is a collection of facts about England & it was made for a fiscal purpose. It is an exact account of the resources of William's vassals in every shire. The Domesday Book permitted the king to collect a tax: the Danegeld.


3.The Feudal system of the Manor

The system of cultivation was the open field. (The enclosure) Each farmer had a certain number of strips of land next to other farmers or to those of the lord of the manor. These strips were unenclosed fields. The whole of the farming land divided into 3 parts, 2 of which were cultivated & one was left fallow.→en jachère.

In the 12th century the proportion of freeholders in an English manor was very small. The vast majority of peasants were villeins or serfs. A villein was bound to the soil. His family was sold with an estate when it changed hands. He worked on his lord's lands but has lands of his lord's lands but he has lands of his own by paying a rent to his lord. He had his share in he used of the village meadow. If there were any problems, it was solved in the Manor Court according to the "Custom of the Manor*. The farms and cottages of the poor were built of logs or planks. The floors were usually bare eart & the roof was of thatch. The North was still fortified for war, but in the more civilized parts of England it was was not longer usual for a lord to built fortress-homes.


Sans titre

1.The Norman Conquest : King Edward The Confessors 1042-1066

The conquest was prepared by Edward The Confessor who became king of England. His mother was the daughter of a former Duke of Normandy, Edward had spent his boyhood and middle age among Norman monks. At heart, he was a Frenchman. When he died, having no children, he left a disputed succession. Half a dozen earldoms (= manoirs) were each presided by a feudal baron when Harald was chosen as King of England by the Witan.

William of Normandy challenged him & crossed the Channel. William the Conqueror defeated Harold at the battle of Hastings 1066


2.Norman institution established King William I: 1066-1087

The confiscation of Saxon's estates for the benefit of the foreign conquests began directly after the battle. The Normans imposed their system. Each individual baron held lands in many parts of the country which had the effect of strengthening royal, power. The sheriff acted as the King's officer in the shire. William broke up the great earldoms. He divided them into shires to govern them more easily.

William also implemented reforms in ecclesiastical matter. He separated the spiritual from the secular courts.

The Normans also brought to England the French language. Their social & political dominance imposed their language of the conquered English. Old French became the norm of educated and aristocratic communication.

Latin remained the language of learning, of the clergy & Old English continued to be spoken & written but the machinery of government & law functioned in French. Throughout the Middles Ages, French tastes in literature end the arts prevailed

The Organizing power of the William the Conqueror is best found in the Domesday survey of 1086.This survey produced the Domesday Book. It is a collection of facts about England & it was made for a fiscal purpose. It is an exact account of the resources of William's vassals in every shire. The Domesday Book permitted the king to collect a tax: the Danegeld.


3.The Feudal system of the Manor

The system of cultivation was the open field. (The enclosure) Each farmer had a certain number of strips of land next to other farmers or to those of the lord of the manor. These strips were unenclosed fields. The whole of the farming land divided into 3 parts, 2 of which were cultivated & one was left fallow.→en jachère.

In the 12th century the proportion of freeholders in an English manor was very small. The vast majority of peasants were villeins or serfs. A villein was bound to the soil. His family was sold with an estate when it changed hands. He worked on his lord's lands but has lands of his lord's lands but he has lands of his own by paying a rent to his lord. He had his share in he used of the village meadow. If there were any problems, it was solved in the Manor Court according to the "Custom of the Manor*. The farms and cottages of the poor were built of logs or planks. The floors were usually bare eart & the roof was of thatch. The North was still fortified for war, but in the more civilized parts of England it was was not longer usual for a lord to built fortress-homes.