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1 min de lecture303 mots
School
10th grade

France: Valued and Protected Environments

Geography

Definitions

Environment
"what surrounds us" = it is a set of elements: - natural - material - cultural that act in the life of an individual, a social group
Environment
set of natural conditions that characterize an ecosystem e.g. mountain environment, Mediterranean environment (bioclimatic conditions)
Anthropisation
transformation of an environment by human societies
Abbreviations
ZEE: Exclusive Economic Zone OMR: Overseas Department and Region PPR: Risk Prevention Plan UNESCO: the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Natura 2000: EU organization for the protection of natural or semi-natural sites PNN: National Natural Park PNNM: National Marine Natural Park PPNR: Regional Natural Park
Sustainable Management
a mode of management aimed at reconciling economic and social development with the preservation of the environment, for future generations

Valued Environments:

- Intensive Agriculture/Livestock

- Coastal Beaches

- Winter Sports Resorts

- Tourism

- Tourist Developments

- Access Developments


Environments to Protect:

- Reserves/Natural Parks => regional/national

- Natura 2000 Network

- 1985 Mountain Law/1986 Coastal Law/2006 Water Law/2019 Paris Agreements

- UNESCO

- Urban Areas: high population density

- Risks: earthquakes; storms; cyclones; volcanoes => combined risks

Too much valorization is risks degradation => counter-intuitive effects

Key Takeaways:

  • French environments are very diverse. They have both terrestrial and maritime areas thanks to France's Exclusive Economic Zone, which is the 2nd largest in the world with 10.2 million km2 of maritime spaces. Its exploitation is exclusively for France.
  • These environments are heavily anthropized:

cities / coastlines / agricultural and mountain areas (agro-touristic)

  • To enhance and develop the environments, it is necessary to:

have a political decision/initiative / technologies and materials / capital = money

  • But these environments are weakened by development and must be protected. Political decisions have resulted in a combination of laws to protect these environments.

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