Les Fonctions de L'écrit
- Fonction expressive: express emotions, thoughts and satisfaction
- Fonction communicative: inform and influence the reader
- Fonction créatrice: create art or beauty in writing
- Fonction logique: represent thoughts logically
L'émetteur (the writer), locuteur, destinateur
- Can be an individual or group
- Writing differs from thought, causing "distorsion"
- Writers like Barthes and Butor focus on writing as craftsmanship
Skills needed
- Psychomotor: handwriting, typing
- Code knowledge: grammar, spelling
- Linguistic vocab, syntax, discourse strategies
Le récepteur (the reader), interlocuteur, destinataire
- Decodes the message and experiences distorsion
- reader's understanding depends on the writer's clarity
- Barthes: polysemy (multiple meaning in words)
Le message
- Various types (informative, analytical, narrative)
- Adaptation of vocab, syntax, and tone based on the communication context
Le référent
- Refers to the subject and context of the message
- Considers the reader's prior knowledge and emotional stance
Le canal (the medium)
- Physical means of communication (paper, computer, etc)
- Quality of medium affects readability (ink, typography)
Le feed-back
- Immediate in oral communication, but delayed in writing. Writing often lacks direct, immediate feedback
Six Fonctions of Language (Jakobson)
- Referential: objective info (reports, memos)
- Expressive: writer's emotions (diaries, letters)
- Conative: influencing reader's actions (ads, speeches)
- Phatic: maintaining communication (formatting)
- Metalinguistic: clarifying language (dictionaries)
- Poetic: artistic quality (literature)
L'émetteur et le récepteur
- Writers must know the audience, addressing factors like race, gender, knowledge and experience
- Relationships between writer and reader (ex. formal, hostile) influence the message
Le message et son intention
- Define the purpose (inform, explain, persuade)
- Univocal messages: ensure clarity, clear one meaning
- Ambiguous messages: use strategically, not clear, multiple meanings
Stratégies linguistiques
- Lexical: Vocab
- Syntactic: Sentence structure
- Prosodic: Tone in writing
- Master discourse rules (narrative modes, persuasion techniques)
Feedback
- Immediate: self-correction during writing
- Delayed: received later (after feedback or reviews)
Importance de l'orthographe (spelling)
- Automation: develop automatic reflexes early
- Reasoning: thinking through rules
- Analogy: compare words
- External tools: use dictionaries
Relecture
- Spelling mistakes arise from fatigue, distraction, Proofread twice (accents, punctuation, then spelling). Double-check to minimize errors
